Pop-up book construction



March 13,1951 w. B. FREEDMAN ETALj v2,544,783

PoP-uP BooK coNsTRUcTIoN K Filed Jan. 14, 195o 2 sheetsseet 1 March 13, 1951 Filed Jn. 14, 19597` g2g El w. B. FREEDMAN ETAL l PoP-UP BooK CONSTRUCTION Jagi 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS' WMM/1f 5? afin/mv Wi/iw booksand'thebiariksVV thereef- T0 theft end., si, .eeliiemplatesipariieur lerly anew andimployed.Wayfoiebrieetins saisi Meeks ...and said v,books .ley the use of .e time a multi Patented Mar. YV`1.951

y 32.154433 n BOP-UP BOOK CONSTRUCTION `Wiiiiamis.sireeamamnouisgaaa eiihfGtjtl,

` Of Massachusetts .Applicationsanuary.14, 1

Itis a general object of ou'r rivlen.tiony toprp- Videl new and improved niet I iods or gonstruotions useful in the fabrication `of Vsof-galle ffpop-iip as fthe fllerser aes feldedvage Constr-Heben iwliieh.-ieeiliie1esl 1" piel andeconomical..quantity.predueten ld e-...te iai-.1e

Steueiurel .Simplicity .and ease ef .'.asseinbly .of

said blank and book. It contemplates ufrtiier fm-prep structure... i. ation. of :the neces- Siiyforgusisseardbeard (si. is or gluedfparts in the nal book assembly.4 ,.Eiasepf fabrication A .nep-up'eeristruetieniis ...e deviee for pred-11einstheseene ordm-.W- S @Pened- Thereelte ive/riens types, O f pep:

In ene ierm f Qyrrinvfentle; book is viewed from`y Simet ...and `the .onesto is. specially. applieabletne e side; that fis, the spine zentally.. and the, Geyer being lipA 4structures are f double lpage....or9,110... @estanto extend-.mno

thejdesi-red arrangement of@ .erizontal eindwertieel planes fwlfien Jihe; 1fe1`0 isopenedaeppmxi'- mately-ninety degrees ...(903), Y

Inffthe znermalmeihod :of binding .e plurality of=.these pop-up folios into la bokfiiihesflils sides of the cardboard sheet. In' al1 gluingjoperationsthe .fpopfiip .strueture is eheld @.-Qu @0f 95p, :serial 13,844 may.

1.1....Q. .eeurse exactly .sticks in .the pages .ef-boek is ge. vosed and. .opened inding into ...book ,form .retains the-.sdmable eatunes' .of a. mehariicalily bou'nd mits. findiyiduabassembiy. othe ot erect'tsel'f.` This effectis .autres I does not have light showing through it.r In ad- A dition, the widthof the sectionsfof. our blank'- can be adjusted in relation to each other so that the pop-up scene is prevented frominvertingiti Vfolios so that the background for the pop-up scene form adouble folio with the pop-upv structure i l 'properlyifolded between'the interior sections and self, and the pop-up structure is resuienny S119* i ported and protectedk fromfdamage 'by' rough" handling. Y

Other objects and advantagesof this invention:` l will be apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment, and from the draw` ings, all vof which arefset forth for purposesgof illustrationyandin whicht' Fig. 1 isa perspective viewof a pop-upbook opened to approximately 90. n Fig; 2 is a View taken generally along the line 2--2ofFig;1. V Y n Fig. 3 is a plan view of a pop-up blank. Fig. 4 is an end View'of a fully opened pop-.up book.VVVV Y rReferring now tothe drawings, as can best be seen by a comparison of FigsLl-and 2, the pop-up`A book II comprises a plurality'of pop-upblanks I2, a cover I3 and amechanical binder I4. The mechanical binder consists of a reinforcing spine I5, to which is integrally affixed la plurality of binding rings I6,the"ends of which overlap andV l retain the pages'of the book and the cover Vin position; l The mechanical binder I4vis generally made of a flexible resilient plastic material;

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the book II is kopened flat, and the first pop-up bl-ank4-|2 is opened approximately 909, erecting the pop-'sup scene.

binder, and so to be bound intoxthebook as shown Y in Figs.1 and 2. =The bookv cover is also centrally f provided "with two rows" of slots, indicated by numerals 36 and 31 in Fig. 2,' adapted to receive therings rof the binder. l i

., @The blank is folded as previously described to 4the blank-may 'then be bound in book form by. running the' binding'rings through the slots pro-` j videdn `theexterior sections .ofV thepblank and in the;. :`ov er'.v Alternately, Vthe blank maybe bound'jinto a normally bound book, by stitching lor'gluin, g;"the endslof the exterior sections together, and jplacing' this carcass vin a-.coyerby 1 thesarr'iemeaifisil Y s dIt iswithin thevscope of-ourfinventionto bind the folded blankfinto a meehanicallyor normallyV boundpbookby` fasteningV in both'the ends of theV exterior sectionsandthoseportions of the inte.`

Y riorfjsections that are clear A ofthev pop-up scene -and that `lie inthe center transverse foldvline. Thus all; the sectionsmay be rmly securedinto'V the binding; Vsuch a lconstruction does not 'howl' ever permit-.pur non-inverting feature to beincorporated. Y i

` Inordertoachieve our,non-invertingfeature inthe vpop-up construction v'where our blank is As shown in Fig. 3, the blankL I2 isform'edfrom a iiat;sheet33 of paper, cardboard,-or similar,V

material. ,The sheet is die-cut along the plural-v ity of solid'lines 34,*and vscored along the yplurality of dotted lines35, The blank is also scored 1 along the fold lines I'I, I8, and I9. These fold lines divide the blank into-,four pagesorsections; the left exterior section 2l),` the left interior section 2 I, the right interior section 22, andthe right exterior section 23.` Y As shown inFigs l ^andr 2, the blank is folded along thefoldlines I1, I8, and I9 so as tol form whatv may be termed a.' dou-Vv ble folio." The.` interior sections 2I and22 have been'r out, scored and folded'respectively along the series of solid lines 34 and the series of vdotted lines 35 indicated inFig. Sto integrally.provideY a pop-up structure 24, in accordance withY the usual method which is well'known in theart..

As'shown Iin Fig. 2, the pop-upstructure 24 l consists of a pluralityof horizontal planes `25 and eachof the exterior sections `20 and k23, fromthe' fold line thereof Vto aline running tangent tothe 1 2 inside edgeof the plurality of slots Y3,0 vis. denotedV combined'widthsk vertical planes 26, which armut and bent lfrom, 7

the interior sections, and V.which planes are inte-i grlally joined to each other at the foldline'which marks their line `of intersection. The :pop-up structure,`when decorated and coloredasishown,

produces a three dimensional picture which popsr I up, or isself-erecting when'the folio is opened. 1

' As shown in Fig; 1,l `the'exterior rsec'tirorisZIl and 23 serve to( conceal the cut out'larea 210i the interiorsections, from lwhich the pop-*up scene is cut, and thusV prevent!lightfrom4 being seen f an accordion-like spring suspendedY between the exterior'sections whicnresists tension, or being puuedfppnat. rneexteirjsecnons cannot 'lay l iiatk becasethefoldedlendsthereof are joined tothe shorterinteriorsections. Thus the interior v sectionswill not beilaid fiat Whenthe Vbook is' laid? through the back fthe. nepiup scene, .The non? visible sides 3l and 32 of the exterior sections 'f book; Y f f Alternately, whenourblank is bound intoanor-v `N ote that'in` Figs 3, the widthsof each interior sections 2`I and 22 isth'e dimension Vdenoted, by the 'symbolA/2; Thus the combined of thel exterior sections' B.

` boundin-a normally bound 'book-the Width `of' the 30Y twointerior sections which comprise the pop-'up section! and the `effective or bound width of that part of the two exterior sections which comprise 'the Supporting Section, must be .-arefuuyrcontfolle'df# Where Our blank is bound in a meehmuA calbinder, in orderl to Yachievezour non-inverting feature, the widthiof the two interior sectionsV s whichcornprise` the pop-upv section and the effectivevs'lidth f the ring binderplus theieiective'or bound'width of that partof the two exterior sec-` tions which comprise the supporting section, must be carefullyY controlled.

widths of the interior sections is A. The width of by the sumbol .Bk/72;` Thus the As shown in '.Fig.`4, Whenthevmechanically v Y bound pop-upbook is laid out flat, and thecombined" widthsV of the interior sections -A is shorter than thecombined widths ofthe exterior sections Y Brplus the effective distance of separation between y the lines'of vslots atthe ends vof the exterior` sections duetothe presence of themechanical binder, which;eiectivedistance' fseparation is normally "I less than theV diameter; of the ring binder and vis labeneac, thenthe yforced in'tnflor sections with' 'the' folded popfsupv "structure therebetween forms openfanjd theppp-lipseetions are protected Yfrom inverting and damage due to over-opening of the mally; bound' book, there is no mechanical rbinder to effeetively separate the'fexteriqrsections; thus y 'to Vachievethe required effect, the exterior vsec-g, 75 tions are Vfolded. Asufficiently longer' than the Vin..v

of the 'l tions a distance of approximately 1A.

ascisse tenor sections so that when 'the edges of fthe ex of ythese `will not b'e 'transmitted to fan lopened section or iolio of our construction and operate to-pull -ito'pen as often -occurs inordinary pop-up construction. v

In our 'mechanically bound fbo'olt,y when the double folio is first opened, the 'end'sof the longer y exterior `sections, 'separate lfrom each other vand rotate 4around'the binder rings. vWhen the r`folio is lfully opened, as shown i-'n Figi. 4, the exterior sections laire' widely separated on the binder rings,

and the' blank is supported centrally by thei'ing `binder, -the'exterior sections being under 'a compressive load, and the interior sections being under tension. l s

If `external pressureis `brought to bear downglued together between l heavyacover's, :theirs/eight Ward on one side o'r the other of theface of :the a folio so as to press the pop-up into the interior sections, theexterior sections which are functioning fasoverly-long slim fcolumn's, -bend or buckle -under the lcompressive load long before the iinterior sections will tear or flattenfcompletely under itension; Thus the pop-up structure, so supported, willresist being forced-backintoregistration with thel cut-out portion of 'the interior sections,'and thereby inversion-ofthe pop-up will be resisted and prevented. -In fact, we haveV found -thatdeliberate manipulation is generallyfrcquired to flatten out '-the internal sections and so -get 'the pop-up structures in aposition where they will invert themselves.

Asa general -matter `nolpreciseformula caribe givenfor the amount by 'whichlength B,in the case of a normally -boundbo'ok, 'or length B plus C,in the case of'a mechanically bound book, must beh-greater than length `A, Lin order to obtain an eiective-non-inverting structure. vThe thickness of the paper from which the blank is out, the

width of the sections comprising the blank, 'the 'amountl of area devoted to 'pop-upf structure, the

`number Tof fold lines, and even'the method 'of makingvfold lines, whether by scoring 'a solidline 'orscoring a broken-line, -will all affect the rels-iliency ofthe structureand vary the ratio 'between the lengths A. and the'lengths B or B plus C which 'iis required to produce la non-inverting structure.

As-an example, howeverpwefhave found that in'fproducinga pop-up book,the following dimensionsand specifications-will produce a substaneffectively spreads -theslotsiin'the exterior secp responds to the length C in Fig,

The interior sections of our bookv are folded to be '7l/2 wide. `Thus length Af is 15"". The exteriorsections of our book,from the foldline to 'al linerunning Ytangent .totheiinside edge of the slots, :are T5/8 wide. `Thuslength Bis *15%1 wide .fand vis approximately 1%" 'greater than length A.

The sum of lengths B and C is therefore approximately 151/2", the percentage difference beinto ffa Ebook, said folio blankhaving lthree transf verse fold lines thereon, marking said blank'v into foury sections, the two interior sections being y folded ifacevt'o face talongthe intermediate of `said linesi the 'two exterior sections Abeing folded back against`ftl1e lbacks of :the interior sections along the others .ofisaid'llines said interior sections being vcutfand bent 'to provide a plurality of extensions lin various .horizontal and vertical. planes` which are self-erectingfinto :apope-up scene when theinteriorsections.areiopened l r2. V.A .folio :blank as in claim 1, in which the exterior :edges of :said vexterior `.sections include a plurality of apertures by which the blank .may be bound intofabook.

.3. Afolio fblank asin Vclaim 1, in which the exterior edges of said exterior sections and those portions of .the-interior sections that are clear of ,the` ,pop-,up sceneA and .that .liein the intermediatextransverse fold/line include a plurality or v:apertures Iby which theblankmay be bound in aback,

l4. -Aebookj containingv :at least one folio blank bound therein, saidl folioy blank having three rtransverse fold lines thereommarking said `blank intofoursectionsithe two `interior sections being Y cludeaplurality (3f-aperturesA by which said blank isboundin saidbook. y c

6.- A yfolio blank .adapted to be bound as a folio intoya ,book,.said folio blank having three transversefold;linesthereon, marking said blank into four sectionsfthe two interior .sections being folded face tofacealong the intermediate of said lines, .the two vexterior sections being folded back againstthe. backs of theinterior `sections along the .others A,of saidA lines, .said interior sections being cut-.fandfbent to provide a plurality of extensions in various horizontal and Vvertical planes VVwhich areself-.erecting into. a pop-up scene when the interior ysections are opened, `the bound width of saidfiexteriorsectionsbeing greater ,than the againstthe backs- 'o'fthe interior sections along the others of said lines, said interior sections be- Y ving out and bentto provide a plurality of extens fully opened. y l 1 9. A book as inV claim 8 in whichtheexterior i edges of the exterior sections of saidgblankinf 1 terior sections cannot lie Il at when the; f olio clude a plurality of apertures by Awhich said blank is bound in said book;v Y

10. A book filler 'comprisinga threeff'old fourf section blank having an integral pop-up: scene the Widthpf said interior sections wherebygsaidje -Q ganarse,

Y foliosjinto arrassemblage of 'bound'pages said g folio blankv having three transverse foldlines thereonzmarkingsaid blank into four sections,

exterior section beingatleastequal tothe vWidth offjitsadjourninginterionsection, said interior L between the two interior `sections.of the; blank, *n

the free ends of the jtwo exterior'sectionsiof the blank eachbeing provided withl a pluralityof slots arranged in a line parallel to said ends to adapt sai-d endstoreceive a mechanicalbinder, the widthoi eachexterior sectionimeasuredffrom its folded en'dto the inside vedge of thenearest slots beingV greater .than the folded widthjof. each Y interior section;

11.v A blank adapted to be mechanically penna A into a book, said blank havingl threeltransverse foldlines thereon,pwhich marksaid blankinto i `four sections, the Ytwo interior.sectionsbeing folded face to face,l and additionally` cutand section being' atfsieasrequai to-thefwidch Vof its` q Y adjourning-'interior section, said interior sections -fold line to a-'linefrunning tangenttothe;inside edge of the plurality of aperturesfbeing greater than the width of each interior section whereby I when said exterior sections are mechanically bound into-a book saidpluralityrof` Vextensions are substantially non-inverting. -w 12. The combination of'a book'cover, a me# chanical binder, andat leastone threefold, four y 'section blank, the blank having an integral'vpopup scene betweenfthe'two interior sectionsethereof, the free ends ofthe two exterior'sections of the blank beingprovided-witha plurality Y of apertures arranged in a row and adapted toreceive the mechanical binder, the-cover being' provided witha pluralityV of*aperturesfadaptedto receive the mechanical binder, said mechanical binder coupling theI free ends of saidf'blank and the cover together, the'combined widths ofk the interior sections being less than the combined eiective widths of the exterior sections'plus the saidiourisections comprising two interior sectionsand twol exterior sections, thewidth of each sections having a Aplurality ofV cut-lines and 'folds ,l linesgthereonto provide a self-erecting pop-up s cenewhjen said y:interior sections are cutv and boundrespectively along saidfcut-lines and folds ,1 ,15.1 `A,bookies in claim 4, in exterior: edgesof saidexterior ,sections of said blank `and those portions ofthe interion` sectionsthat are clear of ^the, popup scene and that; lie in the intermediate `transverse fold-line, include a plu-.-

ralityoi aperturesgbywhich said blank is bound I in said book.

16. The combination of a'covenafmechanical f binder, and at leastone three-'foldjfour-section folio blank, saidgblank having three transverse 1 foldflines thereonjmarking V said blank into fourL secticns,the itwoginterior sections being folded. face tofacejalong the' intermediateof said lines, i r the two,exteriorsections [being foldedfback' againstfthe backs ofthe interior sections along the'others of said lines, thewidth of eachexterior being,` cutfand V bent toprovide Ya plurality ofi ex;-

73`5 tensions in various horizontal and verticalplanes which are selfferectingiinto a popupV scene when -theginterior sectionsare opened, the .cover'and said blanks that are clear of the pop-up scene andthat lie in theintermediate transverseiold linebeing providedwith a plurality of apertures, Y said mechanical binder passingl through said y apertures and couplingthe exterorand interior sections;oneaclivoisaid blanksfand the coverY toeetherf; y, ,A s

'"l'LLThe combination of a book cover, a ine-` chanicalbinder, and at least one threefold, fo'u r section blank, the blank having an integral pop,-v

upscene between, the two interior (sections thereyf of-the free ends ofthe two exterior sections of y the blank and-those portions -ofk'theinte'rior secthe interior sections are fully open wherebysaid pop-up scene will notinvert-when saidinterior sections are fully opened and then closed. f l

13. The combinationof a book cover, a mechanical binder, and at least one three fold, four section blank, the blank having an integral popup scene between the two interior sections there-.- of, the free ends of the two `exterior sections of the blank being provided with a plurality of. aper" turesarranged in a row and adaptedito receive vthe mechanical binder, the cover being provided withv a plurality of apertures adapted'to receive the .mechanical binder, said mechanical binder ycoupling the free ends of said blank and the cover together, whereby said cover may be opened 360 without tearing the pop-up Structures.

le of this patents Y i tions that are clear ofthepopfup ,Scene and that liealong. thegcenter, fold o fsaidblank, andthecoverfeach beingprovided WithLa plurality*` of aperturesfarranged a row and-adaptedtore-v y l c eive the mechanical binder, Y said mechanical v binder coupling said sections,fand'said, blank,-,5a nd the cover together, whereby saidlcover ma y be r s A opened 360 without` tearing the popup 'struc-b tures,

, RFERECES enen; l Thefollowin'g references areoi record in rthe UNITED SrATESrArNT'S i Vwiniamvr'i. FREEDMAQ; 1 JOSEPH GETTLER, Ja fr 

